The decision was announced in the March 2020 budget. It will affect all businesses and public bodies in scope of CCL, except those with Climate Change Agreements or using low carbon technologies such as 'good quality' CHP.

The Climate Change Levy is a UK-wide environmental tax on electricity, gas, LPG and solid fuels supplied to businesses and public sector consumers, with the aim of improving energy efficiency.

CCL on natural gas was increased by 19.7% (to £0.00406 per kWh) on April 1, 2020. Each subsequent year there will be similar double-digit percentage tariff increases through to April 2023, when the tariff will hit £0.00672 per kWh.

'Most businesses will see their energy bills rise due to these hikes in CCL on natural gas, which is a fixed, non-negotiable cost for the majority of organisations. However, organisations using high efficiency CHP will benefit from financial relief,' said Mr Richmond.

'Those using natural gas CHP on-site and qualifying as 'good quality' under the Combined Heat and Power Quality Assurance (CHPQA) standard will be exempt from CCL payments on gas used for power generation. They will also avoid CCL on self-generated electricity used on-site, thus achieving double savings. This makes the economic case for CHP even more attractive, as illustrated by the rapid return on investment – often within three years.'

CCL makes up approximately 5% of total charges on a typical business energy bill and is one of the largest environmental taxes.

Large increases in CCL rates were first introduced on April 1, 2019 when the Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) Energy Efficiency Scheme was abolished. The 'lost' CRC tax revenue was offset by much higher CCL rates for most energy users. In 2019 this resulted in a 67% increase on natural gas (from £0.00203 per KWh to £ 0.00339) and a 45% increase on electricity (from £0.00583 per kWh to 0.00847).

Gas producers currently pay lower CCL charges than electricity producers, even though there has been much greater success in reducing power emissions, compared to the more difficult task of decarbonising gas. The government is levelling up the disparity. As such, CCL rates on electricity will decrease by 4.4% both this year and next year – to stabilise at a levy rate of £0.00775 per kWh through to 2023.

On-site CHP/cogeneration is a highly efficient process involving the simultaneous production of electricity and useful heat. It can help organisations reduce their energy costs and ensure the security of their supply. It also provides a cost-effective way to make carbon savings.

If a project meets the CHPQA assessment criteria for efficiency and environmental performance, it is certified as ‘Good Quality CHP’. It is then eligible for partial CCL exemption, as well as other financial incentives. These include preferential business rates and taxation benefits under the Annual Investment Allowance.

CCL must be paid by most organisations, except light energy users and charities. Certain heavy energy users can also qualify for exemption by negotiating a Climate Change Agreement, but most other organisations are liable for this significant levy.