The Systemair plant in Waalwijk has produced and delivered 88 air handling units this year for a new ship in the Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) shipping company, which will be built in a German yard.
The ship will be 325m long and 41m wide. It will have 2,100 cabins and is designed for 4,200 passengers. For a long time Systemair have been servicing cruise ships, and is now a specialist in this area.
Wim Kampen, sales director of Systemair, said: “The first order were fulfilled 15 years ago. Over the years we have supplied air handling units to 15 cruise ships. That's one ship a year, which is also roughly the effective construction time for a cruise ship. From the start of construction to the launch, the whole process takes about two years.”
The ship that Systemair worked on this year is the fourth in row. Mr Kampen commented: “This ship is practically the same as the first three. Only the interior, the decoration and the length have been adjusted. There are also some differences in the basic design and the technology.”
However, the production of such units for cruise ships is quite complex. This year's order of 88 air handling units had more than five different variations in both design and technical terms. The quality requirements are also high, which has to do with the silted air that can be quite aggressive to the materials.
The ship Systemair have been working on this year will sail mainly in the Caribbean Sea, where the ship has to handle the tropical heat. The shipping company absolutely wants to avoid any interruptions and passengers want to stay in the ship in pleasant cool air.
Extensive documentation
In order to ensure the quality, the client needs extensive documentation about the products delivered. The documentation Included drawings, the actual values, and all corresponding test certificates.
Martijn van Falier, project engineer at Systemair, said: “All air handling units are being tested on-site by specialists. Once found to be good, we have to pass the corresponding test reports.”
Another important part of the order is prompt and reliable delivery. The air handling units have to be delivered on fixed dates within a period of six months.
Mr Kampen said: “These ships are built in parts that are welded together on a tight schedule. The plan has to be followed since the shipyard can’t afford a delay.”
Limited space
The fact that the air handling units have so many different shapes comes from the limited space on board. The units have to be as small as possible to save space. Many units therefore are non-rectangular as well as irregular to make space for other installations.
While the units are placed in small spaces, it still must be possible to access large parts of the cabinets for maintenance or repairs. This requires extra attention to the design.
The ship is built using pre-made blocks three floors high and 30m long. These blocks are made upside down because it's easier for the welding. In the blocks, many components are assembled beforehand, such as equipment, pipelines and cabling that are later linked together.
Due to the construction method, there are air handling units in two blocks at the same time. These units are delivered in two parts and then welded together on the site.
Variety
The units are also different at the technical level, with regard to supply, return, fans, valves and heat recovery heat sink and also vary in air capacity. The largest unit can deliver 28,500 meters cubed air per hour; the smallest can deliver 6,000 meters cubed.
The construction of the air handling units for cruise ships does not differ much from normal units. They are usually flat cabinets with two fans next to each other.
Mr Van Failer said: “The only difference in construction is that the cooler is placed after the fan. That's what we do to cool the heat that comes from the engine.”
The heat exchanger wheel is used to cool and dehumidify the outside air. The units are designed for an outside air temperature of 35 degrees Centigrade and a RV of 80 percent. In order to dehumidify, the temperature is first reduced to 12 degrees Centigrade. The return air is heated using the units reheaters, which results in a temperature of around 22 degrees Centigrade.
The 88 air handling units are spread over the ship and have a combined maximum capacity of 1.5 million meters cubed fresh air per hour. The air moves at a speed of three meters per second through the air handling units, which is a lot faster than in the normal buildings.
Centrifugal fans are used to handle the pressure. The motors are located directly on the shaft. Sound level is not a big issue here because the noise is damped by the steel. The air handling units are made of stainless steel, with extra coatings.
The coolers drainage is important; therefore, the drawer gets extra attention. It is extra deep and contains three sloping bottom surfaces for good drainage.
Slower sailing
The air handling units are cooled using cold water supplied by a chiller. Therein the water is cooled through a heat exchanger using seawater. If the sea water is too warm, there is a chance that the maximum cooling capacity will be reached.
In order to maintain sufficient cooling capacity, the ship might have to divert more power for cooling and so maintenance is an important point to keep in mind in the design.
Mr Van Falier said: “Everything must be reasonably easy to exchange. In addition, certain parts must be easily accessible for maintenance such as the heaters which must be lubricated regularly.
“Special maintenance teams are on board to – for example - lubricate bearings or change filters. These teams work to a tight schedule, ensuring that all maintenance is done on time. They are busy with this all year round.”
This year's series of air handling units from Systemair has all been delivered on time. If everything goes according to plan, the ship in which they are installed will be launched in the next few months.